Analysis

  • max time kernel
    1798s
  • max time network
    1677s
  • platform
    ubuntu-20.04_amd64
  • resource
    ubuntu2004-amd64-20240508-en
  • resource tags

    arch:amd64arch:i386image:ubuntu2004-amd64-20240508-enkernel:5.4.0-169-genericlocale:en-usos:ubuntu-20.04-amd64system
  • submitted
    26-06-2024 09:12

General

  • Target

    https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rxseth/xmrig/main/linux.sh

Score
6/10

Malware Config

Signatures

  • Legitimate hosting services abused for malware hosting/C2 1 TTPs 3 IoCs
  • Changes its process name 64 IoCs
  • Checks CPU configuration 1 TTPs 1 IoCs

    Checks CPU information which indicate if the system is a virtual machine.

  • Reads CPU attributes 1 TTPs 14 IoCs
  • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration 1 TTPs 64 IoCs

    Reads contents of /sys virtual filesystem to enumerate system information.

  • Reads runtime system information 64 IoCs

    Reads data from /proc virtual filesystem.

  • Writes file to tmp directory 2 IoCs

    Malware often drops required files in the /tmp directory.

Processes

  • /usr/bin/xdg-open
    xdg-open https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rxseth/xmrig/main/linux.sh
    1⤵
      PID:1448
      • /usr/bin/dbus-send
        dbus-send --print-reply "--dest=org.freedesktop.DBus" /org/freedesktop/DBus org.freedesktop.DBus.GetNameOwner string:org.gnome.SessionManager
        2⤵
        • Reads runtime system information
        PID:1449
        • /usr/bin/dbus-launch
          dbus-launch --autolaunch 4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8 --binary-syntax --close-stderr
          3⤵
            PID:1450
            • /usr/bin/dbus-daemon
              /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --syslog-only --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
              4⤵
              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
              • Reads runtime system information
              PID:1452
              • /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal
                /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal
                5⤵
                • Reads runtime system information
                PID:1580
              • /usr/libexec/xdg-document-portal
                /usr/libexec/xdg-document-portal
                5⤵
                  PID:1586
                • /usr/libexec/xdg-permission-store
                  /usr/libexec/xdg-permission-store
                  5⤵
                    PID:1591
                  • /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
                    /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
                    5⤵
                      PID:1600
                    • /usr/libexec/gvfsd
                      /usr/libexec/gvfsd
                      5⤵
                        PID:1605
                        • /usr/libexec/gvfsd-trash
                          /usr/libexec/gvfsd-trash --spawner :1.8 /org/gtk/gvfs/exec_spaw/0
                          6⤵
                            PID:1661
                        • /usr/libexec/dconf-service
                          /usr/libexec/dconf-service
                          5⤵
                          • Reads runtime system information
                          PID:1630
                        • /usr/bin/nautilus
                          /usr/bin/nautilus --gapplication-service
                          5⤵
                          • Reads CPU attributes
                          • Reads runtime system information
                          PID:1635
                        • /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon
                          /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --start --foreground "--components=secrets"
                          5⤵
                          • Reads runtime system information
                          PID:1806
                        • /usr/libexec/gvfs-udisks2-volume-monitor
                          /usr/libexec/gvfs-udisks2-volume-monitor
                          5⤵
                          • Reads runtime system information
                          PID:1814
                        • /usr/libexec/gvfs-afc-volume-monitor
                          /usr/libexec/gvfs-afc-volume-monitor
                          5⤵
                            PID:1820
                          • /usr/libexec/gvfs-mtp-volume-monitor
                            /usr/libexec/gvfs-mtp-volume-monitor
                            5⤵
                            • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                            PID:1826
                          • /usr/libexec/gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor
                            /usr/libexec/gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor
                            5⤵
                            • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                            PID:1831
                          • /usr/libexec/gvfs-goa-volume-monitor
                            /usr/libexec/gvfs-goa-volume-monitor
                            5⤵
                              PID:1837
                            • /usr/libexec/goa-daemon
                              /usr/libexec/goa-daemon
                              5⤵
                              • Reads runtime system information
                              PID:1841
                            • /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service
                              /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service
                              5⤵
                              • Reads runtime system information
                              PID:1849
                      • /usr/bin/grep
                        grep " = \\\"xfce4\\\"\$"
                        2⤵
                          PID:1456
                        • /usr/bin/xprop
                          xprop -root _DT_SAVE_MODE
                          2⤵
                            PID:1455
                          • /usr/bin/grep
                            grep -i "^xfce_desktop_window"
                            2⤵
                              PID:1458
                            • /usr/bin/xprop
                              xprop -root
                              2⤵
                                PID:1457
                              • /usr/bin/grep
                                grep -q "^Enlightenment"
                                2⤵
                                  PID:1460
                                • /usr/bin/uname
                                  uname
                                  2⤵
                                    PID:1461
                                  • /usr/bin/grep
                                    grep -q "^file://"
                                    2⤵
                                      PID:1463
                                    • /usr/bin/egrep
                                      egrep -q "^[[:alpha:]+\\.\\-]+:"
                                      2⤵
                                        PID:1465
                                      • /usr/local/sbin/grep
                                        grep -E -q "^[[:alpha:]+\\.\\-]+:"
                                        2⤵
                                          PID:1465
                                        • /usr/local/bin/grep
                                          grep -E -q "^[[:alpha:]+\\.\\-]+:"
                                          2⤵
                                            PID:1465
                                          • /usr/sbin/grep
                                            grep -E -q "^[[:alpha:]+\\.\\-]+:"
                                            2⤵
                                              PID:1465
                                            • /usr/bin/grep
                                              grep -E -q "^[[:alpha:]+\\.\\-]+:"
                                              2⤵
                                                PID:1465
                                              • /usr/bin/sed
                                                sed -n "s/\\(^[[:alnum:]+\\.-]*\\):.*\$/\\1/p"
                                                2⤵
                                                  PID:1468
                                                • /usr/bin/xdg-mime
                                                  xdg-mime query default x-scheme-handler/https
                                                  2⤵
                                                    PID:1469
                                                    • /usr/bin/dbus-send
                                                      dbus-send --print-reply "--dest=org.freedesktop.DBus" /org/freedesktop/DBus org.freedesktop.DBus.GetNameOwner string:org.gnome.SessionManager
                                                      3⤵
                                                      • Reads runtime system information
                                                      PID:1470
                                                      • /usr/bin/dbus-launch
                                                        dbus-launch --autolaunch 4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8 --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                        4⤵
                                                          PID:1471
                                                      • /usr/bin/grep
                                                        grep " = \\\"xfce4\\\"\$"
                                                        3⤵
                                                          PID:1473
                                                        • /usr/bin/xprop
                                                          xprop -root _DT_SAVE_MODE
                                                          3⤵
                                                            PID:1472
                                                          • /usr/bin/grep
                                                            grep -i "^xfce_desktop_window"
                                                            3⤵
                                                              PID:1475
                                                            • /usr/bin/xprop
                                                              xprop -root
                                                              3⤵
                                                                PID:1474
                                                              • /usr/bin/grep
                                                                grep -q "^Enlightenment"
                                                                3⤵
                                                                  PID:1477
                                                                • /usr/bin/uname
                                                                  uname
                                                                  3⤵
                                                                    PID:1478
                                                                  • /usr/bin/sed
                                                                    sed "s/:/ /g"
                                                                    3⤵
                                                                    • Reads runtime system information
                                                                    PID:1481
                                                                  • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                    cut -d ";" -f 1
                                                                    3⤵
                                                                      PID:1486
                                                                    • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                      cut -d "=" -f 2
                                                                      3⤵
                                                                        PID:1485
                                                                      • /usr/bin/head
                                                                        head -n 1
                                                                        3⤵
                                                                          PID:1484
                                                                        • /usr/bin/grep
                                                                          grep "x-scheme-handler/https=" /.local/share/applications/defaults.list /.local/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
                                                                          3⤵
                                                                            PID:1483
                                                                          • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                            cut -d ";" -f 1
                                                                            3⤵
                                                                              PID:1491
                                                                            • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                              cut -d "=" -f 2
                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                PID:1490
                                                                              • /usr/bin/head
                                                                                head -n 1
                                                                                3⤵
                                                                                  PID:1489
                                                                                • /usr/bin/grep
                                                                                  grep "x-scheme-handler/https=" /.local/share/applications/defaults.list /.local/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
                                                                                  3⤵
                                                                                    PID:1488
                                                                                  • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                    cut -d ";" -f 1
                                                                                    3⤵
                                                                                      PID:1496
                                                                                    • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                      cut -d "=" -f 2
                                                                                      3⤵
                                                                                        PID:1495
                                                                                      • /usr/bin/head
                                                                                        head -n 1
                                                                                        3⤵
                                                                                          PID:1494
                                                                                        • /usr/bin/grep
                                                                                          grep "x-scheme-handler/https=" /usr/local/share//applications/defaults.list /usr/local/share//applications/mimeinfo.cache
                                                                                          3⤵
                                                                                            PID:1493
                                                                                          • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                            cut -d ";" -f 1
                                                                                            3⤵
                                                                                              PID:1501
                                                                                            • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                              cut -d "=" -f 2
                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                PID:1500
                                                                                              • /usr/bin/head
                                                                                                head -n 1
                                                                                                3⤵
                                                                                                  PID:1499
                                                                                                • /usr/bin/grep
                                                                                                  grep "x-scheme-handler/https=" /usr/local/share//applications/defaults.list /usr/local/share//applications/mimeinfo.cache
                                                                                                  3⤵
                                                                                                    PID:1498
                                                                                                  • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                                    cut -d ";" -f 1
                                                                                                    3⤵
                                                                                                      PID:1506
                                                                                                    • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                                      cut -d "=" -f 2
                                                                                                      3⤵
                                                                                                        PID:1505
                                                                                                      • /usr/bin/head
                                                                                                        head -n 1
                                                                                                        3⤵
                                                                                                          PID:1504
                                                                                                        • /usr/bin/grep
                                                                                                          grep "x-scheme-handler/https=" /usr/share//applications/defaults.list /usr/share//applications/mimeinfo.cache
                                                                                                          3⤵
                                                                                                            PID:1503
                                                                                                        • /usr/bin/sed
                                                                                                          sed "s/:/ /g"
                                                                                                          2⤵
                                                                                                          • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                          PID:1509
                                                                                                        • /usr/bin/sed
                                                                                                          sed -e "s|-|/|"
                                                                                                          2⤵
                                                                                                          • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                          PID:1512
                                                                                                        • /usr/bin/sed
                                                                                                          sed -e "s|-|/|"
                                                                                                          2⤵
                                                                                                            PID:1515
                                                                                                          • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                                            cut "-d=" -f 2-
                                                                                                            2⤵
                                                                                                              PID:1520
                                                                                                            • /usr/bin/which
                                                                                                              which firefox
                                                                                                              2⤵
                                                                                                                PID:1521
                                                                                                              • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                                                cut "-d=" -f 2-
                                                                                                                2⤵
                                                                                                                  PID:1524
                                                                                                                • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                                                  cut "-d=" -f 2-
                                                                                                                  2⤵
                                                                                                                    PID:1527
                                                                                                                  • /usr/bin/cut
                                                                                                                    cut "-d=" -f 2-
                                                                                                                    2⤵
                                                                                                                      PID:1532
                                                                                                                    • /usr/bin/firefox
                                                                                                                      /usr/bin/firefox https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rxseth/xmrig/main/linux.sh
                                                                                                                      2⤵
                                                                                                                        PID:1533
                                                                                                                        • /usr/bin/which
                                                                                                                          which /usr/bin/firefox
                                                                                                                          3⤵
                                                                                                                            PID:1534
                                                                                                                        • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                          /usr/lib/firefox/firefox https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rxseth/xmrig/main/linux.sh
                                                                                                                          2⤵
                                                                                                                          • Checks CPU configuration
                                                                                                                          • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                          • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                          • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                          • Writes file to tmp directory
                                                                                                                          PID:1533
                                                                                                                          • /usr/local/sbin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                            dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                            3⤵
                                                                                                                              PID:1541
                                                                                                                            • /usr/local/bin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                              dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                PID:1541
                                                                                                                              • /usr/sbin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                                dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                                3⤵
                                                                                                                                  PID:1541
                                                                                                                                • /usr/bin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                                  dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                                  3⤵
                                                                                                                                    PID:1541
                                                                                                                                  • /usr/lib/firefox/glxtest
                                                                                                                                    /usr/lib/firefox/glxtest -f 13
                                                                                                                                    3⤵
                                                                                                                                    • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                    • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                    PID:1544
                                                                                                                                  • /usr/bin/lsb_release
                                                                                                                                    /usr/bin/lsb_release -idrc
                                                                                                                                    3⤵
                                                                                                                                      PID:1556
                                                                                                                                    • /usr/local/sbin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                                      dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                                      3⤵
                                                                                                                                        PID:1566
                                                                                                                                      • /usr/local/bin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                                        dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                                        3⤵
                                                                                                                                          PID:1566
                                                                                                                                        • /usr/sbin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                                          dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                                          3⤵
                                                                                                                                            PID:1566
                                                                                                                                          • /usr/bin/dbus-launch
                                                                                                                                            dbus-launch "--autolaunch=4816dd152e8c48ff97e9117d197c13d8" --binary-syntax --close-stderr
                                                                                                                                            3⤵
                                                                                                                                              PID:1566
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -prefsLen 20982 -prefMapSize 234904 -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{db58f6dc-e678-4f7d-aa7c-6ee8b2aa3224}" 1533 true socket
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:1578
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 1 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 20185 -prefMapSize 234904 -jsInitLen 229864 -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -greomni /usr/lib/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{ae5b35cb-d924-460d-ac3e-47209b71aaf6}" 1533 true tab
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:1675
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 2 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 28703 -prefMapSize 234904 -jsInitLen 229864 -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -greomni /usr/lib/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{3ed6daa4-4e04-4031-aed7-006780050891}" 1533 true tab
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:1718
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -sandboxingKind 0 -prefsLen 29314 -prefMapSize 234904 -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{587be14b-1aa9-4a0c-9290-1aa4bdc4dbfe}" 1533 true utility
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                              PID:1746
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 25649 -prefMapSize 234904 -jsInitLen 229864 -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -greomni /usr/lib/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{2bbe7e17-b3d4-460f-ac53-9992ee3ff632}" 1533 true tab
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:1751
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 25649 -prefMapSize 234904 -jsInitLen 229864 -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -greomni /usr/lib/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{7ec8c285-a80f-47b6-bec4-c34e5d3c93b9}" 1533 true tab
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:1755
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 5 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 25649 -prefMapSize 234904 -jsInitLen 229864 -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -greomni /usr/lib/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{2e227894-d140-47e2-9fc0-44773db99673}" 1533 true tab
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:1759
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 6 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 33345 -prefMapSize 234904 -jsInitLen 229864 -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -greomni /usr/lib/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{6251c493-4ab9-4ef3-992a-7be88465ed28}" 1533 true tab
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:1887
                                                                                                                                            • /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
                                                                                                                                              /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 28955 -prefMapSize 234904 -jsInitLen 229864 -parentBuildID 20240108143603 -greomni /usr/lib/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appDir /usr/lib/firefox/browser "{613a794d-c796-4ca9-a59c-53d7d6d66b1f}" 1533 true tab
                                                                                                                                              3⤵
                                                                                                                                              • Reads CPU attributes
                                                                                                                                              • Enumerates kernel/hardware configuration
                                                                                                                                              • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                              PID:2050
                                                                                                                                        • /usr/libexec/gvfsd-fuse
                                                                                                                                          /usr/libexec/gvfsd-fuse /root/.cache/gvfs -f -o big_writes
                                                                                                                                          1⤵
                                                                                                                                          • Reads runtime system information
                                                                                                                                          PID:1610

                                                                                                                                        Network

                                                                                                                                        MITRE ATT&CK Matrix ATT&CK v13

                                                                                                                                        Defense Evasion

                                                                                                                                        Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion

                                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                                        T1497

                                                                                                                                        Discovery

                                                                                                                                        Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion

                                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                                        T1497

                                                                                                                                        System Information Discovery

                                                                                                                                        2
                                                                                                                                        T1082

                                                                                                                                        Command and Control

                                                                                                                                        Web Service

                                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                                        T1102

                                                                                                                                        Replay Monitor

                                                                                                                                        Loading Replay Monitor...

                                                                                                                                        Downloads

                                                                                                                                        • /root/.cache/dconf/user
                                                                                                                                          Filesize

                                                                                                                                          2B

                                                                                                                                          MD5

                                                                                                                                          c4103f122d27677c9db144cae1394a66

                                                                                                                                          SHA1

                                                                                                                                          1489f923c4dca729178b3e3233458550d8dddf29

                                                                                                                                          SHA256

                                                                                                                                          96a296d224f285c67bee93c30f8a309157f0daa35dc5b87e410b78630a09cfc7

                                                                                                                                          SHA512

                                                                                                                                          5ea71dc6d0b4f57bf39aadd07c208c35f06cd2bac5fde210397f70de11d439c62ec1cdf3183758865fd387fcea0bada2f6c37a4a17851dd1d78fefe6f204ee54

                                                                                                                                        • /tmp/tmpaddon
                                                                                                                                          Filesize

                                                                                                                                          569KB

                                                                                                                                          MD5

                                                                                                                                          30082ae40dc48af6343db2fd22cfc645

                                                                                                                                          SHA1

                                                                                                                                          3eb577555ee638e8beb01173e8f29e172747a728

                                                                                                                                          SHA256

                                                                                                                                          85d4b95f9b2075daee9b0e64bce8d9d7343d0dda10e6072d7f9485a68472ee76

                                                                                                                                          SHA512

                                                                                                                                          53a58bfb4c8124ad4f7655b99bfdea290033a085e0796b19245b33b91c0948fdac9f0c3e817130b352493a65d9a7a0fc8a7c1eedc618cdaa2b4580734a11cd9c